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SDH Full Form


SDH (Subdural Haematoma)

Introduction-

A Subdural Haematoma is a serious condition where blood collects
between the skull and the surface of the brain. It’s usually caused by a head
injury.


Symptoms of Subdural Haematoma
· A headache that keeps getting worse
· Feeling and being sick
· Confusion
· Personality changes, such as being usually aggressive or having rapid mood
swings

· Feeling drowsy
· Loss of consciousness
The symptoms can develop soon after a severe head injury (acute subdural
haematoma), or very occasionally a few days or weeks after a more minor head
injury (subacute or chronic subdural haematoma).

Causes of Subdural Haematoma-
A Subdural Haematoma occurs when a blood vessel in a space between the skull and the brain (the subdural space) is damaged. 
Blood escapes from the blood vessel, leading to the formation of a blood clot (hematoma) that places pressure on the brain and damages it.
Head injuries that because subdural hematomas are often severe, such as those from a car crash, fall or violent assault. 
But minor bumps to the head can also lead to a subdural hematoma in a few cases. A minor head injury is more likely to lead to a subdural hematoma if you are over 60, taking anticoagulant (blood thinning) medicine or have a history of alcohol misuse. Surgical Techniques of Subdural Hematoma- Subdural Hematomas usually need to be treated with surgery as soon as possible.

The most two widely used surgical techniques for Subdural Hematomas are: -

  • Craniotomy- A section of the skull is temporarily removed so the surgeon can access and remove the hematoma.
  • Burr holes- A small hole is drilled into the skull and a tube is inserted through the hole to help drain the hematoma.

    In a few cases, very small subdural hematomas may be carefully monitored first
    to see if they heal without having an operation.
    Outlook- A Subdural Hematoma is a serious condition that carries a high risk of
    death, particularly in older people and those whose brain was severely damaged.
    Acute Subdural Hematomas are the most serious type because they are often
    associated with significant damage to the brain.
    Those who survive an Acute Subdural hematoma may take a long time to recover, and may be left with physical disabilities and cognitive problems such as memory
    and speech problems. The outlook is generally better for Subacute and Chronic Hematomas. Most people who are fit enough to have surgery eventually make a full recovery. But because many people with these types of hematoma are older, they may be too frail to have treatment.