BBB Full Form

BBB Full Form


BBB stand for the Blood–Brain Barrier,  The blood–brain barrier (BBB) ​​mediates communication between the periphery and the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, CNS insulin resistance has been elucidated to play a role in neurodegenerative disease. This has prompted information about the molecular effects of insulin in the brain, particularly in improving cognition. Since the BBB regulates the transport of insulin in the brain and, thus, helps to regulate CNS levels, changes in the BBB response to insulin may influence CNS insulin resistance. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) ​​is a component of the neurovascular unit (NVU) and serves as the blood–brain interface, mediating communication between the central nervous system (CNS) and the periphery. The BBB separates the circulation from the brain, allowing protection and transport regulation from serum factors and neurotoxins. The BBB is not only a physical barrier (due to the presence of special tight junctions and other changes that prevent irregular leakage) but also a transport interface (with specific transporters present on the luminal and abluminal membranes), more selectively as a secretory body. works sporadically. and a metabolic barrier (locally containing and releasing certain enzymes) (Abbott et al., 2006).

The blood–brain barrier was discovered in the late 19th century, when German physician Paul Ehrlich injected a dye into the bloodstream of a rat. To their surprise, the dye infiltrated all tissues except the brain and spinal cord. Although this showed that a barrier existed between the brain and blood, it was not until the 1960s that researchers could use a microscope powerful enough to determine the physical layer of the blood-brain barrier. The purpose of the blood-brain barrier is to protect against circulating toxins or pathogens that can cause infections in the brain, as well as to allow vital nutrients to reach the brain. Its other function is to help maintain relatively stable levels of hormones, nutrients and water in the brain – fluctuations in which the finely tuned environment can disrupt it. So what happens if the blood-brain barrier is damaged or somehow compromised?